The receptionist at a clinic in Ramallah tells you to come back on Wednesday. The word she uses is . You nod along, and half a second later it lands: arba3a. That's four. She wants you back on the fourth day.
That's the whole secret to the week in Palestinian Arabic. Five of the seven days are just numbers wearing a hat. If you can already count from one to ten, you're most of the way there before you start. (the numbers, if you need them first.)
So you're not staring down seven random words. You learn two, and the rest you already know.
The week starts on Sunday
This trips up a lot of learners on day one. The week here opens on Sunday, not Monday. Sunday is day one. From there it climbs, one number per day, until you hit five on Thursday. Then the counting quits and the last two days take their own names.
That's why the whole thing, the seven days of , costs you so little to memorize.
The seven days
| Day | Palestinian | The number behind it |
|---|---|---|
| Sunday | (one) | |
| Monday | (two) | |
| Tuesday | (three) | |
| Wednesday | (four) | |
| Thursday | (five) | |
| Friday | the gathering | |
| Saturday | the rest day |
Sunday, il-7add, comes from an old word for "one," a cousin of waa7ad. Then the rest are about as literal as language gets. Monday is "the two," Tuesday "the three," and on up to Thursday. Tuesday and Wednesday keep the number almost intact (it-talaata, il-arba3a). Thursday stretches it a little: the five you count is khamse, but the day is il-khamees, with a long ee. Close enough that you'll never mix it up.
The two with their own names
Friday and Saturday step out of the count, and each has a reason.
il-jum3a (Friday) is built on the root for gathering. It's the day of the big congregational prayer, when the (the mosque, same root, the place where people gather) fills up. So Friday is, word for word, "the gathering."
is-sabt (Saturday) is the rest day, the sabbath. It's the same old word sitting behind the English "sabbath," and it has nothing to do with numbers.
Here's the trap worth flagging. is-sabt sounds a touch like (seven), but they're different words from different roots, and Saturday is not "day seven." Friday isn't "day six" either. You'll never hear (six) or sab3a doing the work of a day. The count runs out at five, and the names take over.
Saying "on Monday"
To pin something to a day, put (day) in front of the day name. That's it. There's no separate word for "on."
- — on Monday
- — on Thursday
- — on Friday
Stack that into a full sentence and there's still no word for "is" to worry about. il-maw3ad yowm it-tneen means "the appointment's on Monday." Three words, none of them "is" or "on." You just set them next to each other and you're done.
The l that vanishes
You'll notice the "the" on the front isn't always il-. Monday is it-tneen, not il-tneen. Saturday is is-sabt. The l leans into the next letter and doubles it instead of being pronounced.
That's the sun-letter rule, and the days are a clean place to hear it at work. The t of Monday and Tuesday and the s of Saturday all pull the l in: say and and you'll feel it disappear. Sunday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday keep the l clean, because 7, a vowel, kh and j don't swallow it.
The rhythm of the week
Because the week opens on Sunday, il-7add carries the start-of-the-week feeling, the way Monday morning does in English. And the day everything slows down is Friday. il-jum3a is the day off for most people, the prayer day, when shops pull their shutters for a stretch around midday.
So if you need a government office, a bank, or a stamp from somebody behind a desk, don't pick yowm il-jum3a.
